This story was originally published by
Under the agreement, Americans who make less than $73,000 per year should be able to file their taxes for free with one of the tax preparation companies that partners with the IRS. But this program has been historically underutilized, with just .
The story of the Free File program is long and twisting, and it can seem more like a fight against free tax filing than a fight for it. One of the biggest players is Intuit, the maker of TurboTax, one of the largest tax preparation software companies in the country.
ProPublica has reported on program since 2013. Here鈥檚 what we鈥檝e found.
The Truth About TurboTax
In 2002, Intuit, H&R Block and other tax prep companies signed a deal with the IRS to provide free tax filing services to millions of Americans. In return, the IRS agreed it would not create its own tax filing system that could compete with the tax prep companies.
A government-run tax filing system, often known as return-free filing, is . With a return-free filing system, the government fills out the tax forms with the information it already has, and taxpayers simply have to review the forms for accuracy. This is not the case in the U.S.
Switching to such a system would . That鈥檚 why Intuit and other members of the industry spent millions through the years lobbying to preserve the Free File agreement, particularly the part that restricts the IRS from creating its own free filing system.
That鈥檚 not all Intuit did to limit the scope of Free File. . It added website code to and used manipulative marketing patterns to even when they qualified for Free File. It later removed the code.
Internal documents previously obtained by ProPublica show these strategies were intentional on the part of Intuit and .
In previous statements, and maintained that they support and encourage free tax filing options through Free File and other avenues within their businesses.
ProPublica鈥檚 Reporting Impact
As ProPublica reported on Intuit and the Free File program, government officials took note.
When that codifying the existing Free File agreement into law would permanently bar the IRS from creating its own free filing system, the bill got new scrutiny in Congress and .
and began investigating Intuit and the Free File program. The too, looking into the company鈥檚 allegedly deceptive marketing practices.
Ultimately, Intuit was found to have tricked millions of Americans into paying to file their taxes when they should have been able to do so for free. The company reached a in May 2022 in a case led by New York Attorney General Letitia James and covering all 50 states and the District of Columbia. ( in the settlement.) More than 4 million people are expected to receive money as part of the settlement. It鈥檚 not clear when the payments will be made.
The Current State of Free File
Following ProPublica鈥檚 reporting in 2019, the . It barred companies from using deceptive practices to deter taxpayers from using Free File and removed the prohibition on the IRS creating its own tax filing system.
Intuit in October 2021, beyond what the agreement would allow. In March 2022, during the first tax season in which TurboTax did not participate in the Free File program, the for its so-called 鈥淔ree鈥� edition. Intuit but agreed to pull the ads in question for the remainder of tax season.
After both Intuit and H&R Block left the Free File program, the future of the program was unclear. It鈥檚 still difficult to find truly free tax filing options. The IRS created .
More changes may be on the horizon for Free File. In August 2022, IRS received a mandate to look into , with $15 million allocated to the study.
and contributed reporting.
ProPublica is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative newsroom. Sign up for to receive stories like this one in your inbox.
Series: The ProPublica Free Tax Guide
Free, Fact-Checked Tax Information. That's All.
